Includes bibliographical references and index.

"The word "eutrophic" originates from a word eutrophy, from Greek eutrophia meaning nutrition and eutrophos which means well-fed. Eutrophication has many different definitions depending on whether they describe solely the process of nutrient enrichment or whether they also include impacts and problems caused by such enrichment. In its simplest form eutrophication is defined as the over enrichment of receiving waters with mineral nutrients, phosphorus, and nitrogen. It results in excessive production and growth of autotrophs, in particular algae, cyanobacteria (Box 1) and aquatic macrophytes (Correll, 1998; Ansari et al, 2011; van Ginkel, 2011). The increased bacterial populations and vegetation abundance result in high respiration rates leading to hypoxia (oxygen depletion). Hypoxia and algal blooms (Figure 1) are the two most acute symptoms of eutrophication (Ansari et al, 2011; UNEP, 2017). Hypoxia or oxygen depletion in a water body often leads to 'dead zones'-regions where levels of oxygen in the water are reduced to a point that can no longer support living aquatic organisms (Figure 1). Hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico is defined as a concentration of dissolved oxygen less than 2 mg/L (2 ppm). In other oceans of the world, the upper limit for hypoxia may be as high as 3-5 mg/L. The new knowledge on oxygen depletion (hypoxia) and related phenomena in aquatic systems has been recently reviewed by Friedrich et al (2014)"-- Provided by publisher.

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Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Author Biography; Acknowledgements; List of Abbreviations; Chapter 1 The Looming Threat of Eutrophication; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Natural versus Cultural (Anthropogenic) Eutrophication; 1.2 Trophic Classes of Water Bodies; 1.3 The Role of Phosphorus in Eutrophication; 1.3.1 Phosphorus Pollution Sources; 1.4 Impacts of Eutrophication; 1.5 The Extent of Eutrophication; 1.6 Global Climate Change and Eutrophication; Further Reading/Resources; Chapter 2 Water Quality Legislation and Policy for Phosphorus Pollution Control; 2.1 Introduction

2.2 Water Policies to Protect Water Quality from Phosphorus Pollution2.2.1 Water Policies for P Pollution Control -- the United States of America; 2.2.2 Water Policy -- European Union; 2.2.3 Brazil Water Policy; 2.2.4 China Water Policy; 2.2.5 India Water Policy; 2.3 Governance of Innovative Technologies for Phosphorus Removal; Case Study 2.2; 2.4 ETV for Innovative Phosphorus Removal Technologies and Practices; 2.4.1 USA; 2.4.2 Europe; Chapter 3 Phosphorus Removal Methods and Technologies; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 P Removal from Municipal Wastewater Treatment Effluents (MWWTE)

3.2.1 Conventional Sewage Wastewater Treatment3.2.2 Phosphorus Removal at MWWTPs; 3.2.3 Costs of P Removal in Municipal Wastewater Facilities (MWWTF); 3.2.4 Novel Technologies for P Removal from MWWTFs; 3.3 Phosphorus Removal from Residential Wastewater Effluents (Onsite Residential Wastewater and Disposal Treatment Systems); 3.3.1 Potential Phosphorus Loading from OSS; 3.3.2 Mitigation of P Pollution from OSS; 3.3.3 Phosphorus Removal Methods and Technologies for OSS Effluents Treatment; 3.4 North American Onsite Wastewater Treatment Market; 3.4.1 Phosphex™; 3.4.2 PhosRID™

3.4.3 PhosphoReduc"!.5 Agricultural Phosphorus Pollution and Mitigation Measures and Strategies; 3.5.1 Phosphorus Input from Agricultural Production; 3.5.2 Crop Production; 3.5.3 Pasture, Rangeland, and Grazing Operations; 3.5.4 Agricultural BMPs -- Origin and Brief History; 3.5.5 BMPs and GAPs Guidelines and User Manuals; 3.5.6 Today Europe Remains Very Far from Curtailing Phosphorus Pollution from Agriculture; 3.5.7 The Costs of Agricultural Management Practices' (AMPs) Implementation; 3.5.8 Methods for Assessing BMP's Cost-Effectiveness in Mitigating Agricultural P Pollution

3.5.9 Challenges in Assessing Treatment Efficiency of AMPs3.5.10 AMPs Treatment Efficiency in P Reduction; 3.5.11 Vegetative Buffer Strips (VBS); 3.5.12 Constructed Wetlands (CW); 3.5.13 Phosphorus Removal from Agricultural Tile Drainage; 3.5.14 Phosphorus Removal Methods from Livestock Production; 3.5.15 Obstacles to Innovation; 3.6 Phosphorus Removal from Urban Stormwater Runoff; 3.6.1 Urban Stormwater Runoff Treatment -- Background; 3.6.2 The International Stormwater BMPs Database (ISBD); 3.6.3 Commercial Products